In Pakistan, dealing with inheritance matters after the death of a loved one can be overwhelming. Two key legal documents often required to manage and distribute the estate of the deceased are the Succession Certificate and the Letter of Administration. These documents ensure that the rightful heirs can claim ownership of assets such as bank accounts, property, shares, or other financial matters.
What is a Succession Certificate?
A Succession Certificate is issued by a court to the legal heirs of a deceased person for the purpose of collecting debts and securities (such as bank balances, insurance claims, or shares). It essentially authorizes the heirs to receive the deceased’s movable property.
When is it needed?
- To withdraw money from the deceased’s bank accounts.
- To claim insurance policies, provident funds, or bonds.
- To manage shares, dividends, or investments of the deceased.
What is a Letter of Administration?
A Letter of Administration is granted by the court to allow the legal heirs to manage and transfer immovable property (such as houses, plots, or agricultural land). It gives heirs the legal right to deal with the real estate of the deceased.
When is it needed?
- To transfer ownership of the deceased’s house or land.
- To sell, lease, or manage immovable property.
Legal Process in Pakistan
The procedures for both documents are governed under the Succession Act, 1925. Traditionally, heirs had to approach civil courts, but recently the NADRA Succession Facilitation Units have been introduced to make the process faster and more efficient.
1. Applying Through NADRA (Simplified Procedure)
In 2021, NADRA launched the Succession Certificate & Letter of Administration Service, reducing time and hassle for families.
Steps:
- Visit the nearest NADRA Succession Facilitation Unit.
- Submit CNIC of the deceased and all legal heirs.
- NADRA will verify family tree using its database.
- Public notice is published in newspapers to invite objections.
- If no objections are raised, the Succession Certificate or Letter of Administration is issued within 15–20 days.
2. Applying Through Civil Courts (Traditional Method)
If the case cannot be handled by NADRA (e.g., disputes among heirs), the matter goes to the civil court.
Steps:
- File a petition in the relevant civil court where the deceased resided.
- Provide CNIC, death certificate, details of heirs, and property records.
- The court publishes a public notice for objections.
- After verification, the court issues the certificate or letter.
This process may take several months depending on the complexity of the case.
Important Documents Required
- CNIC of the deceased.
- Death certificate.
- CNICs of all legal heirs.
- Family registration certificate (FRC).
- Proof of property (title deed, bank statements, shares, etc.).
Why These Documents Are Important
Without these legal documents, heirs cannot claim ownership of the deceased’s assets. Banks, property registries, and other institutions require official authority before releasing funds or transferring property. Having a Succession Certificate or Letter of Administration ensures smooth transition of ownership while avoiding disputes.
Final Thoughts
Succession laws in Pakistan ensure that inheritance is distributed fairly among rightful heirs. Thanks to NADRA’s Succession Facilitation Units, obtaining a Succession Certificate or Letter of Administration has become easier and faster. However, in case of disputes, the civil courts still handle such matters.
If you are facing an inheritance issue, it is advisable to consult a family lawyer for guidance on the process and legal requirements.